Endpoints and Payloads - 实现对API的增删改查 CRUD ()
文件结构:
example
| models.py
|--flaskr
| | __init__.py
上代码
# __init__.py
# 版权所有
import os
from flask import Flask, request, abort, jsonify
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_cors import CORS
import random
from models import setup_db, Book
BOOKS_PER_SHELF = 8
def paginate_books(request, selection):
page = request.args.get('page', 1, type=int)
start = (page - 1) * BOOKS_PER_SHELF
end = start BOOKS_PER_SHELF
books = [book.format() for book in selection]
current_books = books[start:end]
return current_books
def create_app(test_config=None):
# create and configue the app
app = Flask(__name__)
setup_db(app)
CORS(app)
# CORS Headers
@app.after_request
def after_request(response):
response.headers.add(
"Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type,Authorization,true"
)
response.headers.add(
"Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET,PUT,POST,DELETE,OPTIONS"
)
return response
# Retrivies all books, paginated
@app.route("/books")
def retrieve_books():
selection = Book.query.order_by(Book.id).all()
current_books = paginate_books(request, selection)
if len(current_books) == 0:
abort(404)
return jsonify(
{
"success": True,
"books": current_books,
"total_books": len(Book.query.all())
}
)
# Update a single book's rating
@app.route("/books/<int:book_id>", methods=["PATCH"])
def update_book(book_id):
body = request.get_json()
try:
book = Book.query.filter(Book.id == book_id).one_or_none()
if book is None:
abort(404)
if "rating" in body:
book.rating = int(body.get("rating"))
book.update()
return jsonify(
{
'success': True,
'id': book.id
}
)
except:
abort(400)
# Delete a single book
@app.route("/books/<int:book_id>", methods=["DELETE"])
def delete_book(book_id):
try:
book = Book.query.filter(Book.id == book_id).one_or_none()
if book is None:
abort(404)
book.delete()
selection = Book.query.order_by(Book.id).all()
current_books = paginate_books(request, selection)
return jsonify(
{
"success": True,
"deleted": book_id,
"books": current_books,
"total_books": len(Book.query.all())
}
)
except:
abort(422)
# Create a new book
@app.route("/books", methods=["POST"])
def create_book():
body = request.get_json()
new_id = body.get("id", None)
new_title = body.get("title", None)
new_author = body.get("author", None)
new_rating = body.get("rating", None)
try:
book = Book(id = new_id, title=new_title, author=new_author, rating=new_rating)
book.insert()
selection = Book.query.order_by(Book.id).all()
current_books = paginate_books(request, selection)
return jsonify(
{
"success": True,
"created": book.id,
"books": current_books,
"total_books": len(Book.query.all()),
}
)
except:
abort(422)
@app.errorhandler(404)
def not_found(error):
return jsonify({
"success": False,
"error": 404,
"message": "resource not found"
}), 404
@app.errorhandler(422)
def unprocessable(error):
return jsonify({
"success": False,
"error": 422,
"message": "unprocessable"
}), 422
@app.errorhandler(400)
def bad_request(error):
return jsonify({
"success": False,
"error": 400,
"message": "bad request"
}), 400
@app.errorhandler(405)
def method_not_allowed(error):
return jsonify({
"success": False,
"error": 405,
"message": "method not allowed"
}), 405
return app
# models.py
# 版权所有
import os
from sqlalchemy import Column, String, Integer, create_engine
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
import json
database_name = "bookshelf"
database_path = 'postgres://username@localhost:5432/bookshelf'
db = SQLAlchemy()
def setup_db(app, database_path=database_path):
app.config["SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI"] = database_path
app.config["SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS"] = False
db.app = app
db.init_app(app)
db.create_all()
class Book(db.Model):
__tablename__ = "books"
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
title = Column(String)
author = Column(String)
rating = Column(Integer)
def __init__(self, id, title, author, rating):
self.id = id
self.title = title
self.author = author
self.rating = rating
def insert(self):
db.session.add(self)
db.session.commit()
def update(self):
db.session.commit()
def delete(self):
db.session.delete(self)
db.session.commit()
def format(self):
return {
"id": self.id,
"title": self.title,
"author": self.author,
"rating": self.rating,
}
运行程序步骤:
-
如果要测试,就得在本地创建数据库,查看如何创建数据库
-
数据库创建好之后,在Terminal
$ export FLASK_APP=flaskr
$ export FLASK_ENV=development
$ flask run
- 新开一个Terminal窗口
实现查
# 查 数据
$ curl http://127.0.0.1:5000/books
结果如下,只截取一部分
{
"author": "Example",
"id": 14,
"rating": 4,
"title": "Example"
}
],
"success": true,
"total_books": 9
}
实现改
# 实现 改,只改一个entry
$ curl http://127.0.0.1:5000/books/14 -X PATCH -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"rating":"1"}'
结果如下:
{
"id": 14,
"success": true
}
实现 删除 操作
# 删除 操作
$ curl -X DELETE http://127.0.0.1:5000/books/14
结果如下,只截取一部分
"deleted": 14,
"success": true,
"total_books": 8
}
实现 增 操作
# 增 操作
$ curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"id":"20", "title":"new_example", "author":"new example", "rating":"5"}' http://127.0.0.1:5000/books
结果如下,只截取一部分
"created": 20,
"success": true,
"total_books": 9
}
如果要判断准确,可以去数据库查看
# select * from books;
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