B树的插入和删除
B树的删除(仅考虑阶数m>=3的情形)
在非叶节点中删除关键码,只需从关键码右侧指针指向的子树中寻找最小关键码(沿最左侧指针向下走到叶节点,叶节点最左侧关键码即是)替换该关键码,并从最小关键码所在叶节点删除该最小关键码即可。这样只讨论在叶节点中删除关键码。
在叶节点中删除给定关键码,先删去该关键码及其右侧空指针,然后若该叶节点为根节点,则删除操作结束(删除后的B树可能为空树),若该叶节点不为根节点且关键码数大于等于ceil(m/2)-1,则删除操作结束。若该叶节点不为根节点且关键码数等于ceil(m/2)-2,则令该叶节点为当前节点,然后
设删除过程中当前节点关键数等于ceil(m/2)-2.
若当前节点为根节点且关键码数为0,则令根节点指针指向根节点唯一子树,删除根节点,删除操作结束
若当前节点不为根节点,则若该节点有右兄弟节点且右兄弟节点关键码数大于等于ceil(m/2),则将父节点指向当前节点的指针右侧关键码下移至当前节点最右侧,将右兄弟节点最左侧指针移至当前节点最右侧,最后将右兄弟最左侧关键码上移至父节点指向其指针的左侧,删除操作结束。
否则若当前节点不为根节点,有左兄弟节点,且左兄弟节点关键码数大于等于ceil(m/2),则将父节点中指向当前节点的指针左侧关键码下移至当前节点最左端,左兄弟最右侧关键码上移至父节点中指向它的指针右侧关键码位置,左兄弟最右侧指针移至当前节点最左端,随后删除操作结束
否则若当前节点不为根节点,有右兄弟且右兄弟关键码数等于ceil(m/2)-1,则将父节点中指向当前节点的指针右侧关键码下移至当前节点最右侧,然后将右兄弟完整拼接至当前节点右侧,随后删除右兄弟节点和父节点中指向它的指针。此时父节点关键码子树数减一,若父节点为根节点且关键码数为0则回溯至父节点否则删除操作结束;若父节点不为根节点且关键码数大于等于ceil(m/2)-1,则删除操作结束;若父节点不为根节点且关键码数等于ceil(m/2)-2,则回溯至父节点
否则若当前节点不为根节点,有左兄弟,且左兄弟关键码数等于ceil(m/2)-1,则将父节点中指向当前节点的指针左侧关键码下移至当前节点最左端,左兄弟完整拼接至当前节点左侧,删除左兄弟和父节点中指向它的指针,此时父节点关键码子树数减一,若父节点为根节点且关键码数为0则回溯至父节点否则删除操作结束;若父节点不为根节点且关键码数大于等于ceil(m/2)-1,则删除操作结束;若父节点不为根节点且关键码数等于ceil(m/2)-2,则回溯至父节点
B树的插入(仅考虑阶数m>=3的情形)
在空树中插入直接新建根节点,两指针域置空,填入关键码,再令root指向根节点
若在非空树中插入
那么仅在叶节点上插入,通过搜索在叶节点中找到插入位置,将关键码和空指针构成的二元组插入至叶节点,若插入后叶节点关键码数小于等于m-1则插入结束,否则令叶节点为当前节点
现设插入过程中当前节点关键码数为m,若当前节点左兄弟节点关键码数小于m-1,则从当前节点取关键码子树放入左兄弟节点中,否则若当前节点右兄弟节点关键码数小于m-1则从当前节点取关键码子树放入右兄弟节点中
否则以当前节点从左至右第ceil(m/2)个关键码为分割点将当前节点分隔为左右两部分(即分割点左侧和右侧的部分),左侧分割部分为原当前节点,若原当前节点为根节点,则直接新建根节点,两指针域分别指向左右分割部分,中间关键码即为原当前节点第ceil(m/2)个关键码,令root指向新根节点插入结束。
若原当前节点不为根节点,则将右侧分割部分的指针和原当前节点第ceil(m/2)个关键码构成的二元组插入至父节点中原当前节点对应的二元组右侧,此时父节点关键码子树数增一,若父节点关键码数小于等于m-1则插入结束,若父节点关键码数等于m,则以父节点为当前节点,回溯处理
插入和删除的C 实现(如有错误欢迎指出)
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using namespace std;
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const int M = 4; //B树阶数
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template <typename T>
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struct BTreeNode
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{
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struct BranchNode
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{
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unsigned long long _key_num = 0;
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BTreeNode* p;
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vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>> keyptrmap; //节点数据域和指针域
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BranchNode() :keyptrmap(), p(nullptr) {}
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};
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union
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{
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vector<T>* leaf_data;
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BranchNode* branch_data;
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};
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enum flag { leaf, branch } NodeFlag; //节点标志叶节点or分支节点
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BTreeNode(flag type_of_node)
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{
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NodeFlag = type_of_node;
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if (type_of_node == branch)
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{
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branch_data = new BranchNode();
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}
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else
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{
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leaf_data = new vector<T>();
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}
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}
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~BTreeNode()
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{
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if (NodeFlag == branch)
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{
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delete branch_data;
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}
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else
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{
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delete leaf_data;
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}
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}
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};
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template <typename T>
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pair<typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator, bool> SearchBTreeNode(BTreeNode<T>* ptr, pair<typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator, bool> d) //返回值:尾后 fasle表示第一指针,尾后 true表示失败,非尾后 true即为对应指针
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{
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typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator m; //实参pair:尾后 false表示从第一指针后一指针开始搜索,尾后 true表示从头搜索,非尾后 true表示从非尾后后一位置开始搜索
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if (d.first == ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.end())
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{
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if (d.second)
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{
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if (ptr->branch_data->p != nullptr)
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return { d.first, false };
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return { ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin(), false };
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}
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m = ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin();
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}
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else
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{
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m = d.first;
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m;
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}
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if (m == ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.end() || m->second != nullptr)
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{
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return { m, true };
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}
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return { ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin(), false };
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}
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template <typename T>
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bool leafKeyFromSmallToBig(BTreeNode<T>* leaf)
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{
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typename vector<T>::iterator before = leaf->leaf_data->begin();
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typename vector<T>::iterator after = before 1;
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for (; after != leaf->leaf_data->end(); before = after, after)
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{
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if (*before >= *after)
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return false;
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}
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return true;
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}
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template <typename T>
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bool isBTree(BTreeNode<T>* root) //判断给定多叉树是否为B树
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{
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struct memory
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{
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BTreeNode<T>* p;
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pair<typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator, bool> direction;
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T nodemin; //节点代表子树中最小值
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memory(BTreeNode<T>* p, const pair<typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator, bool>& d) :p(p), direction(d) {}
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};
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BTreeNode<T>* ptr = root;
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pair<typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator, bool> d;
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if (ptr->NodeFlag != BTreeNode<T>::flag::leaf)
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{
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d.first = ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.end();
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d.second = true;
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}
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T min; //节点某子树中最小节点值
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T max; //节点某子树中最大节点值
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BTreeNode<T>* const dest = ptr;
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stack<memory> arrange;
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bool TF = false;
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int level = 0;
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int beforelevel = 0;
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while (true)
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{
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pair<typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator, bool> result;
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if (ptr->NodeFlag == BTreeNode<T>::flag::leaf ? true : (result = SearchBTreeNode(ptr, d)) == pair<typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator, bool>(ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.end(), true))
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{
-
if (ptr == dest)
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{
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if (ptr->NodeFlag == BTreeNode<T>::flag::leaf)
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{
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if (1 <= ptr->leaf_data->size() && ptr->leaf_data->size() <= M - 1)
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{
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if (leafKeyFromSmallToBig(ptr))
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return true;
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cout << "根叶节点关键码没有从小到大排列,非B树" << endl;
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return false;
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}
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else
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{
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cout << "当前树只有根节点,但根节点子树数量不符合要求,非B树" << endl;
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return false;
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}
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}
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else
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{
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if (1 <= ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.size() && ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.size() <= M - 1)
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{
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typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator temp = ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.end();
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--temp;
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if (min > temp->first)
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{
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return true;
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}
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else
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{
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cout << "当前树不是" << M << "路搜索树,非B树" << endl;
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return false;
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}
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}
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else
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{
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cout << "当前树根节点子树数量不符合要求,非B树";
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return false;
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}
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}
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}
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else
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{
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if (ptr->NodeFlag == BTreeNode<T>::flag::leaf)
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{
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level;
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if (TF == false)
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{
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beforelevel = level;
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TF = true;
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}
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else
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{
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if (level != beforelevel)
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{
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cout << "失败节点不在同一层,非B树" << endl;
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return false;
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}
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}
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if ((M 1) / 2 - 1 <= ptr->leaf_data->size() && ptr->leaf_data->size() <= M - 1)
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{
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if (leafKeyFromSmallToBig(ptr) == false)
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{
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cout << "当前树叶结点关键码没有从小到大排列,非B树" << endl;
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return false;
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}
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if (arrange.top().direction == pair<typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator, bool>(arrange.top().p->branch_data->keyptrmap.end(), false))
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{
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arrange.top().nodemin = *(ptr->leaf_data->begin());
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}
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min = *(ptr->leaf_data->begin());
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max = *(--ptr->leaf_data->end());
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}
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else
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{
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cout << "当前树叶节点数量不符合要求,非B树" << endl;
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return false;
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}
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}
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else
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{
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if ((M 1) / 2 - 1 <= ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.size() && ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.size() <= M - 1)
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{
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typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator temp = ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.end();
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--temp;
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if (min > temp->first)
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{
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min = arrange.top().nodemin;
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arrange.pop();
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if (arrange.top().direction == pair<typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator, bool>(arrange.top().p->branch_data->keyptrmap.end(), false))
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{
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arrange.top().nodemin = min;
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}
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}
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else
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{
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cout << "当前树不是" << M << "路搜索树,非B树" << endl;
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return false;
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}
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}
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else
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{
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cout << "当前树分支节点子树数量不符合要求,非B树" << endl;
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return false;
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}
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}
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--level;
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ptr = arrange.top().p;
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d = arrange.top().direction;
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}
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}
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else
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{
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if (result == pair<typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator, bool>(ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin(), false))
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{
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cout << "分支节点存在空子树,非B树" << endl;
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return false;
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}
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if (d == pair<typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator, bool>(ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.end(), true))
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{
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arrange.push(memory(ptr, result));
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ptr = ptr->branch_data->p;
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level;
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}
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else
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{
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typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator temp = result.first;
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if (d.first == ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.end())
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{
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if (!(max < temp->first))
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{
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cout << "当前树不是" << M << "路搜索树,非B树" << endl;
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return false;
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}
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}
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else
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{
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if (!(max < temp->first && min > d.first->first))
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{
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cout << "当前树不是" << M << "路搜索树,非B树" << endl;
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return false;
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}
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}
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arrange.top().direction = pair<typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator, bool>(temp, true);
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ptr = temp->second;
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}
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if (ptr->NodeFlag != BTreeNode<T>::flag::leaf)
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{
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d = pair<typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator, bool>(ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.end(), true);
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}
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}
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}
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}
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template <typename T>
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bool compare(const pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>& left, const pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>& right)
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{
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return left.first < right.first;
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}
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template <typename T>
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typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator Upper_Bound(const T& key, vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>& list)
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{
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typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator left = list.begin();
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typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator right = list.end() - 1;
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while (left <= right)
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{
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int d = right - left 1;
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typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator mid;
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if (d % 2 == 1)
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{
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mid = left d / 2;
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}
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else
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{
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mid = left (d / 2 - 1);
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}
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if (key <= (*mid).first)
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{
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if (mid == list.begin())
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{
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return left;
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}
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right = mid - 1;
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}
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else
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{
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left = mid 1;
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}
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}
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return left;
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}
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template <typename T>
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pair<bool, typename vector<T>::iterator> BinarySearch(vector<T>& list, typename vector<T>::iterator left, typename vector<T>::iterator right, const T& key)
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{
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while (left <= right)
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{
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int d = right - left 1;
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typename vector<T>::iterator mid;
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if (d % 2 == 1)
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{
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mid = left d / 2;
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}
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else
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{
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mid = left (d / 2 - 1);
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}
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if (key < *mid)
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{
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if (mid == list.begin())
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{
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return { false, left };
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}
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right = mid - 1;
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}
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else if (key > *mid)
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{
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left = mid 1;
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}
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else
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{
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return { true, mid };
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}
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}
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return { false, left };
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}
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template <typename T>
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void increAncestorKeyNum(stack<pair<BTreeNode<T>*, typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator>>& stackforback)
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{
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while (stackforback.empty() == false)
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{
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stackforback.top().first->branch_data->_key_num;
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stackforback.pop();
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}
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}
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template <typename T>
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void decreAncestorKeyNum(stack<pair<BTreeNode<T>*, typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator>>& stackforback)
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{
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while (stackforback.empty() == false)
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{
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--stackforback.top().first->branch_data->_key_num;
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stackforback.pop();
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}
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}
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template <typename T>
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unsigned long long getKeyNum(BTreeNode<T>* current)
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{
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if (current->NodeFlag == BTreeNode<T>::flag::leaf)
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{
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return current->leaf_data->size();
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}
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else
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{
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return current->branch_data->_key_num;
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}
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}
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template <typename T>
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void decrKeyNum(BTreeNode<T>* current, const unsigned long long& decr_num)
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{
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current->branch_data->_key_num -= decr_num;
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}
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template <typename T>
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void incrKeyNum(BTreeNode<T>* current, const unsigned long long& decr_num)
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{
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current->branch_data->_key_num = decr_num;
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}
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template <typename T>
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bool afterAdjust(stack<pair<BTreeNode<T>*, typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator>>& stackforback, BTreeNode<T>*& current)
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{
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if (stackforback.top().first->branch_data->keyptrmap.size() <= M - 1)
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{
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increAncestorKeyNum(stackforback);
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return true;
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}
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current = stackforback.top().first;
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incrKeyNum(current, 1);
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stackforback.pop();
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return false;
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}
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template <typename T>
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void left_to_right_for_leaf(BTreeNode<T>* left, BTreeNode<T>* right, const typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator& mid)
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{
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right->leaf_data->insert(right->leaf_data->begin(), mid->first);
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mid->first = left->leaf_data->back();
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left->leaf_data->pop_back();
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}
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template <typename T>
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void right_to_left_for_leaf(BTreeNode<T>* left, BTreeNode<T>* right, const typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator& mid)
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{
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left->leaf_data->push_back(mid->first);
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mid->first = *(right->leaf_data->begin());
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right->leaf_data->erase(right->leaf_data->begin());
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}
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template <typename T>
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void left_to_right_for_branch(BTreeNode<T>* left, BTreeNode<T>* right, const typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator& mid)
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{
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right->branch_data->keyptrmap.insert(right->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin(), make_pair(mid->first, right->branch_data->p));
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right->branch_data->p = left->branch_data->keyptrmap.back().second;
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mid->first = left->branch_data->keyptrmap.back().first;
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left->branch_data->keyptrmap.pop_back();
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}
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template <typename T>
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void right_to_left_for_branch(BTreeNode<T>* left, BTreeNode<T>* right, const typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator& mid)
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{
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left->branch_data->keyptrmap.push_back(make_pair(mid->first, right->branch_data->p));
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mid->first = right->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin()->first;
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right->branch_data->p = right->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin()->second;
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right->branch_data->keyptrmap.erase(right->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin());
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}
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template <typename T>
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bool toLeft(stack<pair<BTreeNode<T>*, typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator>>& stackforback, BTreeNode<T>* current)
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{
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if (stackforback.top().second != stackforback.top().first->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin())
-
{
-
if (stackforback.top().second - 1 != stackforback.top().first->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin())
-
{
-
if (current->NodeFlag == BTreeNode<T>::flag::leaf)
-
{
-
if ((stackforback.top().second - 2)->second->leaf_data->size() < M - 1)
-
{
-
right_to_left_for_leaf((stackforback.top().second - 2)->second, current, stackforback.top().second - 1);
-
increAncestorKeyNum(stackforback);
-
return true;
-
}
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
if ((stackforback.top().second - 2)->second->branch_data->keyptrmap.size() < M - 1)
-
{
-
decrKeyNum(current, getKeyNum(current->branch_data->p) 1);
-
incrKeyNum((stackforback.top().second - 2)->second, getKeyNum(current->branch_data->p) 1);
-
-
right_to_left_for_branch((stackforback.top().second - 2)->second, current, stackforback.top().second - 1);
-
increAncestorKeyNum(stackforback);
-
return true;
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
if (current->NodeFlag == BTreeNode<T>::flag::leaf)
-
{
-
if (stackforback.top().first->branch_data->p->leaf_data->size() < M - 1)
-
{
-
right_to_left_for_leaf(stackforback.top().first->branch_data->p, current, stackforback.top().second - 1);
-
increAncestorKeyNum(stackforback);
-
return true;
-
}
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
if (stackforback.top().first->branch_data->p->branch_data->keyptrmap.size() < M - 1)
-
{
-
decrKeyNum(current, getKeyNum(current->branch_data->p) 1);
-
incrKeyNum(stackforback.top().first->branch_data->p, getKeyNum(current->branch_data->p) 1);
-
-
right_to_left_for_branch(stackforback.top().first->branch_data->p, current, stackforback.top().second - 1);
-
increAncestorKeyNum(stackforback);
-
return true;
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
return false;
-
}
-
-
template <typename T>
-
bool toRight(stack<pair<BTreeNode<T>*, typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator>>& stackforback, BTreeNode<T>* current)
-
{
-
if (stackforback.top().second != stackforback.top().first->branch_data->keyptrmap.end())
-
{
-
if (current->NodeFlag == BTreeNode<T>::flag::leaf)
-
{
-
if (stackforback.top().second->second->leaf_data->size() < M - 1)
-
{
-
left_to_right_for_leaf(current, stackforback.top().second->second, stackforback.top().second);
-
increAncestorKeyNum(stackforback);
-
return true;
-
}
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
if (stackforback.top().second->second->branch_data->keyptrmap.size() < M - 1)
-
{
-
left_to_right_for_branch(current, stackforback.top().second->second, stackforback.top().second);
-
decrKeyNum(current, getKeyNum(stackforback.top().second->second->branch_data->p) 1);
-
incrKeyNum(stackforback.top().second->second, getKeyNum(stackforback.top().second->second->branch_data->p) 1);
-
increAncestorKeyNum(stackforback);
-
return true;
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
return false;
-
}
-
template <typename T>
-
bool toLeftOrRight(stack<pair<BTreeNode<T>*, typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator>>& stackforback, BTreeNode<T>* current)
-
{
-
if (toRight(stackforback, current))
-
return true;
-
if (toLeft(stackforback, current))
-
return true;
-
return false;
-
}
-
template <typename T>
-
pair<BTreeNode<T>*, bool> InsertBTree(BTreeNode<T>* root, const T& key) //B树插入函数
-
{
-
if (root == nullptr)
-
{
-
root = new BTreeNode<T>(BTreeNode<T>::flag::leaf);
-
root->leaf_data->push_back(key);
-
return { root, true };
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
BTreeNode<T>* current = root;
-
stack<pair<BTreeNode<T>*, typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator>> stackforback;
-
-
while (current->NodeFlag == BTreeNode<T>::flag::branch)
-
{
-
typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator scankey = Upper_Bound(key, current->branch_data->keyptrmap);
-
if (scankey != current->branch_data->keyptrmap.end())
-
{
-
if (scankey->first == key)
-
{
-
cout << "关键码" << key << "已存在,插入失败" << endl;
-
return { root, false };
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
stackforback.push(make_pair(current, scankey));
-
if (scankey != current->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin())
-
{
-
--scankey;
-
current = scankey->second;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
current = current->branch_data->p;
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
stackforback.push(make_pair(current, scankey));
-
--scankey;
-
current = scankey->second;
-
}
-
}
-
-
pair<bool, typename vector<T>::iterator> scankey = BinarySearch(*current->leaf_data, current->leaf_data->begin(), current->leaf_data->end() - 1, key);
-
if (scankey.first)
-
{
-
cout << "关键码" << key << "已存在,插入失败" << endl;
-
return { root, false };
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
current->leaf_data->insert(scankey.second, key);
-
}
-
-
if (current->leaf_data->size() <= M - 1)
-
{
-
increAncestorKeyNum(stackforback);
-
return { root, true };
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
if (stackforback.empty() == false)
-
{
-
if (toLeftOrRight(stackforback, current))
-
return { root, true };
-
}
-
-
unsigned long long Num = current->leaf_data->size();
-
BTreeNode<T>* ptr = new BTreeNode<T>(BTreeNode<T>::flag::leaf);
-
ptr->leaf_data->insert(ptr->leaf_data->end(), current->leaf_data->end() - M / 2, current->leaf_data->end());
-
current->leaf_data->erase(current->leaf_data->end() - M / 2, current->leaf_data->end());
-
-
if (stackforback.empty() == true)
-
{
-
root = new BTreeNode<T>(BTreeNode<T>::flag::branch);
-
root->branch_data->_key_num = Num;
-
root->branch_data->p = current;
-
root->branch_data->keyptrmap.push_back(make_pair(current->leaf_data->back(), ptr));
-
current->leaf_data->pop_back();
-
return { root, true };
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
stackforback.top().first->branch_data->keyptrmap.insert(stackforback.top().second, make_pair(current->leaf_data->back(), ptr));
-
current->leaf_data->pop_back();
-
-
if (afterAdjust(stackforback, current))
-
return { root, true };
-
}
-
-
while (true)
-
{
-
if (stackforback.empty() == false)
-
{
-
if (toLeftOrRight(stackforback, current))
-
return { root, true };
-
}
-
-
BTreeNode<T>* ptr = new BTreeNode<T>(BTreeNode<T>::flag::branch);
-
ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.insert(ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.end(), current->branch_data->keyptrmap.end() - M / 2, current->branch_data->keyptrmap.end());
-
current->branch_data->keyptrmap.erase(current->branch_data->keyptrmap.end() - M / 2, current->branch_data->keyptrmap.end());
-
ptr->branch_data->p = current->branch_data->keyptrmap.back().second;
-
-
incrKeyNum(ptr, getKeyNum(ptr->branch_data->p) ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.size());
-
for (typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator run = ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin(); run != ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.end(); run)
-
{
-
incrKeyNum(ptr, getKeyNum(run->second));
-
}
-
if (stackforback.empty() == true)
-
{
-
root = new BTreeNode<T>(BTreeNode<T>::flag::branch);
-
root->branch_data->_key_num = current->branch_data->_key_num;
-
decrKeyNum(current, getKeyNum(ptr) 1);
-
root->branch_data->p = current;
-
root->branch_data->keyptrmap.push_back(make_pair(current->branch_data->keyptrmap.back().first, ptr));
-
current->branch_data->keyptrmap.pop_back();
-
return { root, true };
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
stackforback.top().first->branch_data->keyptrmap.insert(stackforback.top().second, make_pair(current->branch_data->keyptrmap.back().first, ptr));
-
current->branch_data->keyptrmap.pop_back();
-
decrKeyNum(current, getKeyNum(ptr) 1);
-
-
if (afterAdjust(stackforback, current))
-
return { root, true };
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
-
template <typename T>
-
BTreeNode<T>* afterMerge(BTreeNode<T>* root, BTreeNode<T>*& current, stack<pair<BTreeNode<T>*, typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator>>& stackforback)
-
{
-
if (stackforback.top().first == root)
-
{
-
if (stackforback.top().first->branch_data->keyptrmap.size() == 0)
-
{
-
delete root;
-
return current;
-
}
-
decrKeyNum(root, 1);
-
return root;
-
}
-
if (stackforback.top().first->branch_data->keyptrmap.size() >= (M 1) / 2 - 1)
-
{
-
decreAncestorKeyNum(stackforback);
-
return root;
-
}
-
current = stackforback.top().first;
-
decrKeyNum(current, 1);
-
stackforback.pop();
-
return nullptr;
-
}
-
-
template <typename T>
-
void beforeAdjust(typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator& temp, const stack<pair<BTreeNode<T>*, typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator>>& stackforback, BTreeNode<T>*& ptr)
-
{
-
--temp;
-
if (temp != stackforback.top().first->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin())
-
{
-
typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator before = temp - 1;
-
ptr = before->second;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
ptr = stackforback.top().first->branch_data->p;
-
}
-
}
-
-
template <typename T>
-
bool borrowFromLeft(stack<pair<BTreeNode<T>*, typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator>>& stackforback, BTreeNode<T>* current)
-
{
-
typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator temp2 = stackforback.top().second;
-
-
if (temp2 != stackforback.top().first->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin())
-
{
-
BTreeNode<T>* ptr = nullptr;
-
if ((temp2 - 1) == stackforback.top().first->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin())
-
{
-
ptr = stackforback.top().first->branch_data->p;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
ptr = (temp2 - 2)->second;
-
}
-
-
if (current->NodeFlag == BTreeNode<T>::flag::leaf)
-
{
-
if (ptr->leaf_data->size() >= (M 1) / 2)
-
{
-
left_to_right_for_leaf(ptr, current, temp2 - 1);
-
decreAncestorKeyNum(stackforback);
-
return true;
-
}
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
if (ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.size() >= (M 1) / 2)
-
{
-
left_to_right_for_branch(ptr, current, temp2 - 1);
-
incrKeyNum(current, getKeyNum(current->branch_data->p) 1);
-
decrKeyNum(ptr, getKeyNum(current->branch_data->p) 1);
-
decreAncestorKeyNum(stackforback);
-
return true;
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
return false;
-
}
-
-
template <typename T>
-
bool borrowFromRight(stack<pair<BTreeNode<T>*, typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator>>& stackforback, BTreeNode<T>* current)
-
{
-
typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator temp = stackforback.top().second;
-
-
if (temp != stackforback.top().first->branch_data->keyptrmap.end())
-
{
-
BTreeNode<T>* ptr = temp->second;
-
if (current->NodeFlag == BTreeNode<T>::flag::leaf)
-
{
-
if (ptr->leaf_data->size() >= (M 1) / 2)
-
{
-
right_to_left_for_leaf(current, ptr, temp);
-
decreAncestorKeyNum(stackforback);
-
return true;
-
}
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
if (ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.size() >= (M 1) / 2)
-
{
-
incrKeyNum(current, getKeyNum(ptr->branch_data->p) 1);
-
decrKeyNum(ptr, getKeyNum(ptr->branch_data->p) 1);
-
right_to_left_for_branch(current, ptr, temp);
-
decreAncestorKeyNum(stackforback);
-
return true;
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
return false;
-
}
-
-
template <typename T>
-
bool borrowFromLeftOrRight(stack<pair<BTreeNode<T>*, typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator>>& stackforback, BTreeNode<T>* current)
-
{
-
if (borrowFromRight(stackforback, current))
-
return true;
-
if (borrowFromLeft(stackforback, current))
-
return true;
-
return false;
-
}
-
-
template <typename T>
-
BTreeNode<T>* rebalanceAfterDelete(stack<pair<BTreeNode<T>*, typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator>>& stackforback, BTreeNode<T>* current, BTreeNode<T>* root)
-
{
-
if (current == root)
-
{
-
if (current->leaf_data->empty() == true)
-
{
-
delete current;
-
return nullptr;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
return current;
-
}
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
if (current->leaf_data->size() >= (M 1) / 2 - 1)
-
{
-
decreAncestorKeyNum(stackforback);
-
return root;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
BTreeNode<T>* ptr = nullptr;
-
typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator temp = stackforback.top().second;
-
-
if (borrowFromLeftOrRight(stackforback, current))
-
return root;
-
-
if (temp != stackforback.top().first->branch_data->keyptrmap.end())
-
{
-
current->leaf_data->push_back(temp->first);
-
current->leaf_data->insert(current->leaf_data->end(), temp->second->leaf_data->begin(), temp->second->leaf_data->end());
-
delete temp->second;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
beforeAdjust(temp, stackforback, ptr);
-
ptr->leaf_data->push_back(temp->first);
-
ptr->leaf_data->insert(ptr->leaf_data->end(), current->leaf_data->begin(), current->leaf_data->end());
-
delete current;
-
current = ptr;
-
}
-
stackforback.top().first->branch_data->keyptrmap.erase(temp);
-
-
ptr = afterMerge(root, current, stackforback);
-
-
while (ptr == nullptr)
-
{
-
typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator temp = stackforback.top().second;
-
-
if (borrowFromLeftOrRight(stackforback, current))
-
return root;
-
-
if (temp != stackforback.top().first->branch_data->keyptrmap.end())
-
{
-
current->branch_data->keyptrmap.push_back(make_pair(temp->first, temp->second->branch_data->p));
-
current->branch_data->keyptrmap.insert(current->branch_data->keyptrmap.end(), temp->second->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin(), temp->second->branch_data->keyptrmap.end());
-
incrKeyNum(current, getKeyNum(temp->second) 1);
-
delete temp->second;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
beforeAdjust(temp, stackforback, ptr);
-
ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.push_back(make_pair(temp->first, current->branch_data->p));
-
ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.insert(ptr->branch_data->keyptrmap.end(), current->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin(), current->branch_data->keyptrmap.end());
-
incrKeyNum(ptr, getKeyNum(current) 1);
-
delete current;
-
current = ptr;
-
}
-
stackforback.top().first->branch_data->keyptrmap.erase(temp);
-
-
ptr = afterMerge(root, current, stackforback);
-
}
-
return ptr;
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
-
template <typename T>
-
pair<BTreeNode<T>*, bool> DelBTree(BTreeNode<T>* root, const T& key) //B树删除函数
-
{
-
BTreeNode<T>* current = root;
-
stack<pair<BTreeNode<T>*, typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator>> stackforback;
-
bool replace = false;
-
-
while (current->NodeFlag == BTreeNode<T>::flag::branch)
-
{
-
typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator scankey = Upper_Bound(key, current->branch_data->keyptrmap);
-
if (scankey != current->branch_data->keyptrmap.end())
-
{
-
if (scankey->first == key)
-
{
-
stackforback.push(make_pair(current, scankey 1));
-
current = scankey->second;
-
while (current->NodeFlag == BTreeNode<T>::flag::branch)
-
{
-
stackforback.push(make_pair(current, current->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin()));
-
current = current->branch_data->p;
-
}
-
scankey->first = current->leaf_data->front();
-
current->leaf_data->erase(current->leaf_data->begin());
-
replace = true;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
stackforback.push(make_pair(current, scankey));
-
if (scankey != current->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin())
-
{
-
--scankey;
-
current = scankey->second;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
current = current->branch_data->p;
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
stackforback.push(make_pair(current, scankey));
-
--scankey;
-
current = scankey->second;
-
}
-
}
-
-
if (replace == false)
-
{
-
pair<bool, typename vector<T>::iterator> scankey = BinarySearch(*current->leaf_data, current->leaf_data->begin(), current->leaf_data->end() - 1, key);
-
if (scankey.first == true)
-
{
-
current->leaf_data->erase(scankey.second);
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
cout << "关键字" << key << "不存在,删除失败" << endl;
-
return { root, false };
-
}
-
}
-
-
return { rebalanceAfterDelete(stackforback, current, root), true };
-
}
-
-
template <typename T>
-
pair<BTreeNode<T>*, bool> DelKthKey(BTreeNode<T>* root, unsigned long long k, T& be_deleted) //删除B树中第K小的关键字
-
{
-
if (root == nullptr || getKeyNum(root) < k)
-
{
-
cout << "B树中不存在第" << k << "小元素,删除失败" << endl;
-
return { root, false };
-
}
-
BTreeNode<T>* current = root;
-
stack<pair<BTreeNode<T>*, typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator>> stackforback;
-
-
bool repalce = false;
-
while (current->NodeFlag == BTreeNode<T>::flag::branch)
-
{
-
if (k <= getKeyNum(current->branch_data->p))
-
{
-
stackforback.push(make_pair(current, current->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin()));
-
current = current->branch_data->p;
-
continue;
-
}
-
k -= getKeyNum(current->branch_data->p);
-
-
typename vector<pair<T, BTreeNode<T>*>>::iterator scankey = current->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin();
-
while (scankey != current->branch_data->keyptrmap.end())
-
{
-
if (k == 1)
-
{
-
repalce = true;
-
be_deleted = scankey->first;
-
stackforback.push(make_pair(current, scankey 1));
-
current = scankey->second;
-
while (current->NodeFlag == BTreeNode<T>::flag::branch)
-
{
-
stackforback.push(make_pair(current, current->branch_data->keyptrmap.begin()));
-
current = current->branch_data->p;
-
}
-
scankey->first = current->leaf_data->front();
-
break;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
--k;
-
if (k <= getKeyNum(scankey->second))
-
{
-
stackforback.push(make_pair(current, scankey 1));
-
current = scankey->second;
-
break;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
k -= getKeyNum(scankey->second);
-
scankey;
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
-
if (repalce == false)
-
be_deleted = *(current->leaf_data->begin() k - 1);
-
current->leaf_data->erase(current->leaf_data->begin() k - 1);
-
return { rebalanceAfterDelete(stackforback, current, root), true };
-
}
-
-
int main()
-
{
-
const int N = 2000;
-
vector<int> seq(N);
-
for (int i = 0; i < N; i)
-
{
-
seq[i] = i 1;
-
}
-
shuffle(seq.begin(), seq.end(), default_random_engine());
-
-
BTreeNode<int>* root = nullptr;
-
for (vector<int>::const_iterator p = seq.cbegin(); p != seq.cend(); p)
-
{
-
cout << "插入节点" << *p << endl;
-
auto r = InsertBTree(root, *p);
-
if (r.second)
-
{
-
cout << "插入成功" << endl;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
cout << "插入失败" << endl;
-
exit(-1);
-
}
-
cout << endl;
-
root = r.first;
-
if (isBTree(root) == true)
-
{
-
cout << "当前树是B树";
-
cout << endl;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
cerr << "错误当前树不是B树!" << endl;
-
exit(-1);
-
}
-
}
-
-
/*while (root != nullptr)
-
{
-
unsigned long long _size = getKeyNum(root);
-
unsigned long long test_k = rand() % (_size 1);
-
if (test_k == 0)
-
test_k = 1;
-
cout << "删除第" << test_k << "小的元素" << endl;
-
int key;
-
auto r = DelKthKey(root, test_k, key);
-
if (r.second)
-
{
-
cout << "第" << test_k << "小的元素" << key << "删除成功" << endl;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
cout << "第" << test_k << "小的元素删除失败" << endl;
-
exit(-1);
-
}
-
root = r.first;
-
if (root != nullptr)
-
{
-
if (isBTree(root) == true)
-
{
-
cout << "当前树是B树";
-
cout << endl;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
cerr << "错误当前树不是B树!" << endl;
-
exit(-1);
-
}
-
}
-
else
-
cout << "NULL";
-
}*/
-
-
/*for (int i = N; i >= 1; --i)
-
{
-
cout << "删除第" << i << "小的元素" << endl;
-
int key;
-
auto r = DelKthKey(root, i, key);
-
if (r.second)
-
{
-
cout << "第" << i << "小的元素" << key << "删除成功" << endl;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
cout << "第" << i << "小的元素删除失败" << endl;
-
exit(-1);
-
}
-
root = r.first;
-
if (root != nullptr)
-
{
-
if (isBTree(root) == true)
-
{
-
cout << "当前树是B树";
-
cout << endl;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
cerr << "错误当前树不是B树!" << endl;
-
exit(-1);
-
}
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
cout << "NULL";
-
}
-
}*/
-
-
cout << endl;
-
for (vector<int>::const_iterator p = seq.cbegin(); p != seq.cend(); p)
-
{
-
cout << "删除节点" << *p << endl;
-
auto r = DelBTree(root, *p);
-
if (r.second)
-
{
-
cout << "删除成功" << endl;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
cout << "删除失败" << endl;
-
exit(-1);
-
}
-
cout << endl;
-
root = r.first;
-
if (root != nullptr)
-
{
-
if (isBTree(root) == true)
-
{
-
cout << "当前树是B树";
-
cout << endl;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
cerr << "错误当前树不是B树!" << endl;
-
exit(-1);
-
}
-
}
-
else
-
cout << "NULL";
-
cout << endl;
-
}
-
return 0;
-
}
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