使用Conda创建空的虚拟环境，pip list有很多其他的包

最近在使用conda管理环境时出现的问题，弄的环境一团糟

1.  
   (CenterTrack2) py@pysoft:~/testcase/lijiexin/MOTS2/CenterTrack2$ /home/py/testcase/lijiexin/DL/anaconda3/envs/CenterTrack2/bin/pip list
2.  
   Package Version
3.  
   --------------------- ---------
4.  
   absl-py 0.11.0
5.  
   astor 0.8.1
6.  
   cached-property 1.5.2
7.  
   certifi 2016.9.26
8.  
   cycler 0.10.0
9.  
   distlib 0.3.6
10.  
    distro 1.5.0
11.  
    filelock 3.4.1
12.  
    gast 0.4.0
13.  
    谷歌-pasta 0.2.0
14.  
    grpcio 1.33.2
15.  
    h5py 3.1.0
16.  
    importlib-metadata 4.8.3
17.  
    importlib-resources 5.4.0
18.  
    Keras 2.2.4
19.  
    Keras-Applications 1.0.8
20.  
    Keras-Preprocessing 1.1.2
21.  
    kiwisolver 1.3.1
22.  
    Markdown 3.3.3
23.  
    matplotlib 3.3.3
24.  
    numpy 1.19.4
25.  
    opencv-contrib-python 4.2.0.34
26.  
    opencv-python 4.4.0.46
27.  
    packaging 20.4
28.  
    Pillow 8.0.1
29.  
    pip 20.0.2
30.  
    platformdirs 2.4.0
31.  
    protobuf 3.14.0
32.  
    pyparsing 2.4.7
33.  
    python-dateutil 2.8.1
34.  
    PyYAML 5.3.1
35.  
    scikit-build 0.11.1
36.  
    scipy 1.5.4
37.  
    setuptools 50.3.2
38.  
    six 1.15.0
39.  
    tensorboard 1.14.0
40.  
    tensorflow-estimator 1.14.0
41.  
    tensorflow-gpu 1.14.0
42.  
    termcolor 1.1.0
43.  
    typing-extensions 4.1.1
44.  
    virtualenv 20.17.1
45.  
    Werkzeug 1.0.1
46.  
    wheel 0.35.1
47.  
    wrapt 1.12.1
48.  
    zipp 3.6.0

在空环境中，一堆没有装过的包，也不存在于环境目录的site-packages下

原因：

可能与pip的默认安装路径有关，使得pip list无法索引到虚拟环境中。

解决方案：

我的方案是直接更改虚拟环境下pip的默认安装路径

1、查看默认安装路径

python -m site

1.  
   (CenterTrack2) py@pysoft:~/testcase/lijiexin/MOTS2/CenterTrack2$ python -m site
2.  
   sys.path = [
3.  
   '/home/py/testcase/lijiexin/MOTS2/CenterTrack2',
4.  
   '/home/py/testcase/lijiexin/DL/anaconda3/envs/CenterTrack2/lib/python36.zip',
5.  
   '/home/py/testcase/lijiexin/DL/anaconda3/envs/CenterTrack2/lib/python3.6',
6.  
   '/home/py/testcase/lijiexin/DL/anaconda3/envs/CenterTrack2/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload',
7.  
   '/home/py/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages',
8.  
   '/home/py/testcase/lijiexin/DL/anaconda3/envs/CenterTrack2/lib/python3.6/site-packages',
9.  
   ]
10.  
    USER_BASE: '/home/py/.local' (exists)
11.  
    USER_SITE: '/home/py/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages' (exists)
12.  
    ENABLE_USER_SITE: True

  默认安装路径指向了’/home/py/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages’并不是我的虚拟环境CenterTrack2

2、重新设定USER_BASE和USER_SITE

修改 site.py 中的USER_BASE和USER_SITE变量，site.py路径：~/anaconda3/envs/CenterTrack2/lib/python3.6/site.py，修改后内容如下：

原始内容：

1.  
   import sys
2.  
   import os
3.  
   import builtins
4.  
   import _sitebuiltins
5.  
   import io
6.  
    
7.  
   # Prefixes for site-packages; add additional prefixes like /usr/local here
8.  
   PREFIXES = [sys.prefix, sys.exec_prefix]
9.  
   # Enable per user site-packages directory
10.  
    # set it to False to disable the feature or True to force the feature
11.  
    ENABLE_USER_SITE = None
12.  
     
13.  
    # for distutils.commands.install
14.  
    # These values are initialized by the getuserbase() and getusersitepackages()
15.  
    # functions, through the main() function when Python starts.
16.  
    USER_SITE = None
17.  
    USER_BASE = None

修改为：

1.  
   import sys
2.  
   import os
3.  
   import builtins
4.  
   import _sitebuiltins
5.  
    
6.  
   # Prefixes for site-packages; add additional prefixes like /usr/local here
7.  
   PREFIXES = [sys.prefix, sys.exec_prefix]
8.  
   # Enable per user site-packages directory
9.  
   # set it to False to disable the feature or True to force the feature
10.  
    ENABLE_USER_SITE = None
11.  
     
12.  
    # for distutils.commands.install
13.  
    # These values are initialized by the getuserbase() and getusersitepackages()
14.  
    # functions, through the main() function when Python starts.
15.  
    USER_SITE = '/home/py/testcase/lijiexin/DL/anaconda3/envs/CenterTrack2/lib/python3.6/site-packages'
16.  
    USER_BASE = '/home/py/testcase/lijiexin/DL/anaconda3/envs/CenterTrack2'

修改后再次运行 python -m site 查看，输出内容如下：

1.  
   (CenterTrack2) py@pysoft:~/testcase/lijiexin/MOTS2/CenterTrack2$ python -m site
2.  
   sys.path = [
3.  
   '/home/py/testcase/lijiexin/MOTS2/CenterTrack2',
4.  
   '/home/py/testcase/lijiexin/DL/anaconda3/envs/CenterTrack2/lib/python36.zip',
5.  
   '/home/py/testcase/lijiexin/DL/anaconda3/envs/CenterTrack2/lib/python3.6',
6.  
   '/home/py/testcase/lijiexin/DL/anaconda3/envs/CenterTrack2/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload',
7.  
   '/home/py/testcase/lijiexin/DL/anaconda3/envs/CenterTrack2/lib/python3.6/site-packages',
8.  
   ]
9.  
   USER_BASE: '/home/py/testcase/lijiexin/DL/anaconda3/envs/CenterTrack2' (exists)
10.  
    USER_SITE: '/home/py/testcase/lijiexin/DL/anaconda3/envs/CenterTrack2/lib/python3.6/site-packages' (exists)
11.  
    ENABLE_USER_SITE: True

再次pip list：

1.  
   (CenterTrack2) py@pysoft:~/testcase/lijiexin/MOTS2/CenterTrack2$ pip list
2.  
   Package Version
3.  
   ---------- -------------------
4.  
   certifi 2016.9.26
5.  
   pip 20.0.2
6.  
   setuptools 49.6.0.post20210108
7.  
   six 1.16.0
8.  
   wheel 0.34.2

干净了。

如果没有效果试一试conda deactivate退出环境再重新进一下。

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