使用pip安装Cartopy库时，出现报错Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.

使用pip安装Cartopy库时，出现报错：Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [3 lines of output]
setup.py:117: UserWarning: Unable to determine GEOS version. Ensure you have 3.7.2 or later installed, or installation may fail.
warnings.warn(
Proj 8.0.0 must be installed.

输入：

pip install Cartopy

报错：

D:\app\python\python310\Scripts>pip install Cartopy
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages)
Collecting Cartopy
  Using cached Cartopy-0.20.2.tar.gz (10.8 MB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [3 lines of output]
      setup.py:117: UserWarning: Unable to determine GEOS version. Ensure you have 3.7.2 or later installed, or installation may fail.
        warnings.warn(
      Proj 8.0.0 must be installed.
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages)

于是，尝试在https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#numba下载并安装whl文件：
输入：

pip install Cartopy-0.20.2-pp38-pypy38_pp73-win_amd64.whl

出现成功安装提示：

D:\app\python\python310\Scripts>pip install Cartopy-0.20.2-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages)
Processing d:\app\python\python310\scripts\cartopy-0.20.2-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl
Collecting shapely>=1.6.4
  Downloading Shapely-1.8.1.post1-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl (1.3 MB)
     ---------------------------------------- 1.3/1.3 MB 2.2 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Requirement already satisfied: pyshp>=2.1 in d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from Cartopy==0.20.2) (2.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.18 in d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from Cartopy==0.20.2) (1.22.0)
Requirement already satisfied: matplotlib>=3.1 in d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from Cartopy==0.20.2) (3.5.1)
Requirement already satisfied: pyproj>=3.0.0 in d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from Cartopy==0.20.2) (3.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied: kiwisolver>=1.0.1 in d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib>=3.1->Cartopy==0.20.2) (1.3.2)
Requirement already satisfied: cycler>=0.10 in d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib>=3.1->Cartopy==0.20.2) (0.11.0)
Requirement already satisfied: packaging>=20.0 in d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib>=3.1->Cartopy==0.20.2) (21.3)
Requirement already satisfied: pillow>=6.2.0 in d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib>=3.1->Cartopy==0.20.2) (9.0.0)
Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.7 in d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib>=3.1->Cartopy==0.20.2) (2.8.2)
Requirement already satisfied: fonttools>=4.22.0 in d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib>=3.1->Cartopy==0.20.2) (4.28.5)
Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing>=2.2.1 in d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib>=3.1->Cartopy==0.20.2) (3.0.6)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi in d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from pyproj>=3.0.0->Cartopy==0.20.2) (2021.10.8)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from python-dateutil>=2.7->matplotlib>=3.1->Cartopy==0.20.2) (1.16.0)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages)
Installing collected packages: shapely, Cartopy
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages)
Successfully installed Cartopy-0.20.2 shapely-1.8.1.post1
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\app\python\python310\lib\site-packages)

但是，在pycharm中导入cartopy模块时，出错：

ImportError: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的模块。

网上查找资料后，原因应该是cartopy模块的依赖库版本不对。

解决方案

cartopy包的依赖库有：pyproj，Pillow，pyshp，Shapely
需要将这几个库卸载后，使用whl重新安装。

1. 卸载原有依赖库

pip uninstall Pillow

pip uninstall pyshp

pip uninstall Shapely

pip uninstall pyproj

2. 在https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#numba中查找并下载这几个库和你电脑的对应版本

此处下载的是：

Pillow-9.0.1-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl
pyproj-3.3.0-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl
pyshp-2.2.0-py3-none-any.whl
Shapely-1.8.1.post1-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl

3.安装库

pip install --user Shapely-1.8.1.post1-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl

pip install --user pyproj-3.3.0-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl

pip install --user pyshp-2.2.0-py3-none-any.whl

pip install --user  Pillow-9.0.1-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl

pip install --user Cartopy-0.20.2-pp38-pypy38_pp73-win_amd64.whl

安装完成后，在pycharm中导入cartopy模块时不再报错，成功。

问题解决。

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