2022-10-15，通过Dockerfile构建Docker镜像并运行

好了，废话不多说，直接上才艺：

一、准备Dockerfile文件

文件目录：

1.  
   [root@localhost flask]# pwd
2.  
   /root/flask
3.  
   [root@localhost flask]# ls -lrth
4.  
   total 12K
5.  
   drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 138 Oct 14 18:46 welink
6.  
   -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 233 Oct 15 00:32 uwsgi.ini
7.  
   -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 731 Oct 15 21:22 Dockerfile
8.  
   -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.2K Oct 15 21:30 nginx.conf

welink：web项目文件夹，这里面是flask工程文件，包括项目入口文件app.py。

uwsgi.ini：uwsgi的配置文件，描述uwsgi的运行参数。

Dockerfile：构建镜像所需的配置文件，记录镜像产生需要做哪些动作，例如：基于什么镜像来构建？需要创建哪些目录？需要安装什么中间件、数据库等等，以及运行容器时默认执行什么命令都可以定义清楚。

nginx.conf：nginx的配置文件，构建镜像时会打包到镜像中。

welink文件夹：

1.  
   [root@localhost flask]# cd welink/
2.  
   [root@localhost welink]#
3.  
   [root@localhost welink]# ls -lrth
4.  
   total 16K
5.  
   -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 69 Oct 14 09:44 pyvenv.cfg
6.  
   lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Oct 14 09:44 lib64 -> lib
7.  
   drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 23 Oct 14 09:44 lib
8.  
   drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Oct 14 09:44 include
9.  
   -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 61 Oct 14 09:50 pip-selfcheck.json
10.  
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 186 Oct 14 09:55 bin
11.  
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 708 Oct 14 10:53 app.py
12.  
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 174 Oct 14 12:47 requirements.txt

uwsgi.ini文件内容：

1.  
   [uwsgi]
2.  
   http = 0.0.0.0:5007
3.  
   chdir = /flask_app/welink
4.  
   master = true
5.  
   # processes = 2
6.  
   wsgi-file = %(chdir)/app.py
7.  
   pidfile = %(chdir)/uwsgi/uwsgi.pid
8.  
   daemonize = %(chdir)/uwsgi/uwsgi.log
9.  
   callable = app
10.  
    buffer-size = 8192
11.  
    vacuum = true

Dockerfile文件内容：

1.  
   FROM centos:7
2.  
    
3.  
   RUN mkdir -p /flask_app/welink/uwsgi
4.  
   COPY ./welink/ /flask_app/welink
5.  
   WORKDIR /flask_app/welink
6.  
    
7.  
   RUN yum -y install epel-release && \
8.  
   yum -y install python3 && \
9.  
   yum -y install python3-pip && \
10.  
    yum -y install gcc-c && \
11.  
    yum -y install pcre pcre-devel && \
12.  
    yum -y install openssl openssl-devel && \
13.  
    yum -y install python3-devel && \
14.  
    pip3 install uwsgi -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple && \
15.  
    yum -y install nginx && \
16.  
    pip3 install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple
17.  
     
18.  
    COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
19.  
    COPY uwsgi.ini /flask_app/welink/uwsgi
20.  
     
21.  
    ENV LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
22.  
     
23.  
    EXPOSE 81
24.  
     
25.  
    CMD sh -c 'uwsgi --ini ./uwsgi/uwsgi.ini && nginx -g "daemon off;"'

nginx.conf文件内容：

1.  
    
2.  
   #user nobody;
3.  
   worker_processes 1;
4.  
    
5.  
   #error_log logs/error.log;
6.  
   #error_log logs/error.log notice;
7.  
   #error_log logs/error.log info;
8.  
    
9.  
   #pid logs/nginx.pid;
10.  
     
11.  
     
12.  
    events {
13.  
    worker_connections 1024;
14.  
    }
15.  
     
16.  
     
17.  
    http {
18.  
    include mime.types;
19.  
    default_type application/octet-stream;
20.  
     
21.  
    #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
22.  
    # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
23.  
    # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
24.  
     
25.  
    #access_log logs/access.log main;
26.  
     
27.  
    sendfile on;
28.  
    #tcp_nopush on;
29.  
     
30.  
    #keepalive_timeout 0;
31.  
    keepalive_timeout 65;
32.  
     
33.  
    #gzip on;
34.  
     
35.  
    server {
36.  
    listen 81;
37.  
    server_name localhost;
38.  
     
39.  
    #charset koi8-r;
40.  
     
41.  
    #access_log logs/host.access.log main;
42.  
     
43.  
    location / {
44.  
    root html;
45.  
    index index.html index.htm;
46.  
    }
47.  
     
48.  
    location /hello {
49.  
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5007/welink;
50.  
    proxy_redirect off;
51.  
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
52.  
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
53.  
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
54.  
    }
55.  
     
56.  
    location /post {
57.  
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5007/welink/send_msg;
58.  
    proxy_redirect off;
59.  
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
60.  
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
61.  
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
62.  
    }
63.  
     
64.  
    #error_page 404 /404.html;
65.  
     
66.  
    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
67.  
    #
68.  
    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
69.  
    location = /50x.html {
70.  
    root html;
71.  
    }
72.  
     
73.  
    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
74.  
    #
75.  
    #location ~ \.php$ {
76.  
    # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
77.  
    #}
78.  
     
79.  
    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
80.  
    #
81.  
    #location ~ \.php$ {
82.  
    # root html;
83.  
    # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
84.  
    # fastcgi_index index.php;
85.  
    # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
86.  
    # include fastcgi_params;
87.  
    #}
88.  
     
89.  
    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
90.  
    # concurs with nginx's one
91.  
    #
92.  
    #location ~ /\.ht {
93.  
    # deny all;
94.  
    #}
95.  
    }
96.  
     
97.  
     
98.  
    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
99.  
    #
100.  
     #server {
101.  
     # listen 8000;
102.  
     # listen somename:8080;
103.  
     # server_name somename alias another.alias;
104.  
      
105.  
     # location / {
106.  
     # root html;
107.  
     # index index.html index.htm;
108.  
     # }
109.  
     #}
110.  
      
111.  
      
112.  
     # HTTPS server
113.  
     #
114.  
     #server {
115.  
     # listen 443 ssl;
116.  
     # server_name localhost;
117.  
      
118.  
     # ssl_certificate cert.pem;
119.  
     # ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
120.  
      
121.  
     # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
122.  
     # ssl_session_timeout 5m;
123.  
      
124.  
     # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
125.  
     # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
126.  
      
127.  
     # location / {
128.  
     # root html;
129.  
     # index index.html index.htm;
130.  
     # }
131.  
     #}
132.  
      
133.  
     }

二、构建Docker镜像

1.  
   [root@localhost flask]# docker build . -t welink:v5 --network host
2.  
   Sending build context to Docker daemon 17.27MB
3.  
   Step 1/9 : FROM centos:7
4.  
   ---> eeb6ee3f44bd
5.  
   Step 2/9 : RUN mkdir -p /flask_app/welink/uwsgi
6.  
   ---> Using cache
7.  
   ---> 2287baf70f92
8.  
   Step 3/9 : COPY ./welink/ /flask_app/welink
9.  
   ---> Using cache
10.  
    ---> f2e47565b58d
11.  
    Step 4/9 : WORKDIR /flask_app/welink
12.  
    ---> Using cache
13.  
    ---> e7ef6cbf9fe0
14.  
    Step 5/9 : RUN yum -y install epel-release && yum -y install python3 && yum -y install python3-pip && yum -y install gcc-c && yum -y install pcre pcre-devel && yum -y install openssl openssl-devel && yum -y install python3-devel && pip3 install uwsgi -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple && yum -y install nginx && pip3 install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple
15.  
    ---> Using cache
16.  
    ---> 8a2ddae00489
17.  
    Step 6/9 : COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
18.  
    ---> af8a26adeb18
19.  
    Step 7/9 : COPY uwsgi.ini /flask_app/welink/uwsgi
20.  
    ---> b75213ee312b
21.  
    Step 8/9 : EXPOSE 81
22.  
    ---> Running in b42cd57d939f
23.  
    Removing intermediate container b42cd57d939f
24.  
    ---> 744484ebcc2f
25.  
    Step 9/9 : CMD sh -c 'uwsgi --ini ./uwsgi/uwsgi.ini && nginx -g "daemon off;"'
26.  
    ---> Running in 2fc336a899f2
27.  
    Removing intermediate container 2fc336a899f2
28.  
    ---> 60ac3562ed19
29.  
    Successfully built 60ac3562ed19
30.  
    Successfully tagged welink:v5

第一次构建的时候会因为网络、yum源配置等因素比较慢，后续沟通docker会基于cache而变得非常快，这里已经是第5个版本了，所以构建的非常快。

查看构建成功的镜像：

1.  
   [root@localhost flask]# docker images
2.  
   REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
3.  
   welink v5 60ac3562ed19 1 second ago 675MB
4.  
   welink v4 d019f46ee4be About an hour ago 675MB
5.  
   welink v3 0fd30675b7ac 21 hours ago 675MB

这里就可以看出，通过Dockerfile构建的镜像比docker commit直接打包的会精简，不会有太多冗余数据，后续可以很方便的通过修改Dockerfile来构建新的镜像。

三、生成Docker容器

1.  
   [root@localhost flask]# docker run -id --name welink01 -p 81:81 welink:v5
2.  
   614cea779ed61c80a51ed9833186131c928aefa6e9a8f99c0a83ec05250f7e52
3.  
   [root@localhost flask]#
4.  
   [root@localhost flask]# docker ps
5.  
   CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6.  
   614cea779ed6 welink:v5 "/bin/sh -c 'sh -c '…" 9 seconds ago Up 7 seconds 0.0.0.0:81->81/tcp, :::81->81/tcp welink01

四、访问测试

1.  
   [root@localhost flask]# curl 127.0.0.1:81/hello
2.  
   welcome to flask

注意：这里可以直接从物理机访问容器里的web服务，说明容器里的web项目已成功运行，并通过端口映射出来了。

五、维护命令

1.  
   # 进docker
2.  
   [root@localhost flask]# docker exec -it welink01 /bin/bash
3.  
   [root@614cea779ed6 welink]#
4.  
   [root@614cea779ed6 welink]# ps -ef|grep nginx
5.  
   root 1 0 0 14:06 ? 00:00:00 sh -c uwsgi --ini ./uwsgi/uwsgi.ini && nginx -g "daemon off;"
6.  
   root 11 1 0 14:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
7.  
   nginx 12 11 0 14:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
8.  
   root 33 18 0 14:42 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
9.  
   [root@614cea779ed6 welink]#
10.  
    [root@614cea779ed6 welink]# ps -ef|grep uwsgi
11.  
    root 1 0 0 14:06 ? 00:00:00 sh -c uwsgi --ini ./uwsgi/uwsgi.ini && nginx -g "daemon off;"
12.  
    root 10 1 0 14:06 ? 00:00:00 uwsgi --ini ./uwsgi/uwsgi.ini
13.  
    root 16 10 0 14:06 ? 00:00:00 uwsgi --ini ./uwsgi/uwsgi.ini
14.  
    root 17 10 0 14:06 ? 00:00:00 uwsgi --ini ./uwsgi/uwsgi.ini
15.  
    root 35 18 0 14:42 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto uwsgi
16.  
     
17.  
    # 出docker
18.  
    [root@614cea779ed6 welink]# exit
19.  
    exit
20.  
     
21.  
    # 在docker执行命令
22.  
    [root@localhost flask]# docker exec -it welink01 ps -ef|grep nginx
23.  
    root 11 1 0 14:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
24.  
    nginx 12 11 0 14:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
25.  
     
26.  
    # 停docker
27.  
    [root@localhost flask]# docker stop welink01
28.  
    welink01
29.  
     
30.  
    # 删docker
31.  
    [root@localhost flask]# docker rm welink01
32.  
    welink01
33.  
     
34.  
    # 删镜像
35.  
    [root@localhost flask]# docker rmi 3ecb659a87dc
36.  
    Untagged: welink:v4
37.  
    Deleted: sha256:3ecb659a87dcd3e940ded320f5fb490392f9e9ead3f01cd68e06113542e06339

六、导出镜像

1.  
   [root@localhost flask]# docker save 60ac3562ed19 > welink_v5.tar
2.  
   [root@localhost flask]# ls -hl
3.  
   total 661M
4.  
   -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 731 Oct 15 21:22 Dockerfile
5.  
   -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.2K Oct 15 21:30 nginx.conf
6.  
   -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 233 Oct 15 00:32 uwsgi.ini
7.  
   drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 138 Oct 14 18:46 welink
8.  
   -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 661M Oct 16 13:00 welink_v5.tar

这时就可以把镜像传到其它服务器进行导入了。

七、导入镜像

1.  
   [root@appt tmp]# docker load < welink_v5.tar
2.  
   07840385d029: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.072kB/3.072kB
3.  
   ed93135292b9: Loading layer [==================================================>] 17.26MB/17.26MB
4.  
   69bc51ea49cd: Loading layer [==================================================>] 463.5MB/463.5MB
5.  
   b7f0d7d30a92: Loading layer [==================================================>] 6.144kB/6.144kB
6.  
   e8601482ae40: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.584kB/3.584kB
7.  
   Loaded image ID: sha256:60ac3562ed198dc014a5dbe00756c070d7584d57a7834f7a75776f24146d75c5
8.  
   [root@appt tmp]#
9.  
   [root@appt tmp]# docker images
10.  
    REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
11.  
    <none> <none> 60ac3562ed19 15 hours ago 675MB
12.  
    nginx latest 51086ed63d8c 10 days ago 142MB
13.  
    weopsrdp latest 2ff3d656855c 5 months ago 148MB
14.  
    dushixiang/guacd latest b578fc3fd8f3 9 months ago 281MB
15.  
    python36e 1.0 5171821bb418 15 months ago 760MB
16.  
    python27e 1.0 974165f81357 15 months ago 721MB
17.  
    flaskdemo/demo latest 31e995c212d6 4 years ago 210MB
18.  
    [root@appt tmp]#
19.  
    [root@appt tmp]# docker tag 60ac3562ed19 welink:v5
20.  
    [root@appt tmp]#
21.  
    [root@appt tmp]# docker images
22.  
    REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
23.  
    welink v5 60ac3562ed19 15 hours ago 675MB
24.  
    nginx latest 51086ed63d8c 10 days ago 142MB
25.  
    weopsrdp latest 2ff3d656855c 5 months ago 148MB
26.  
    dushixiang/guacd latest b578fc3fd8f3 9 months ago 281MB
27.  
    python36e 1.0 5171821bb418 15 months ago 760MB
28.  
    python27e 1.0 974165f81357 15 months ago 721MB
29.  
    flaskdemo/demo latest 31e995c212d6 4 years ago 210MB

这篇好文章是转载于：学新通技术网