selenium, 你还在因为chromedriver的版本和Chrome的版本不一致，需要手动更新chromedriver而烦恼吗

前言

• 平时做爬虫我比较喜欢用selenium chrome ,一直困扰我一个问题，就是只要谷歌浏览器更新了，就要重新去下载对应版本的chromedriver_win32，这让我十分烦恼

• 比如我的谷歌浏览器已经94版本了，但是 chromedriver_win32还停留在92版本，就会报出下面的错误

• selenium.common.exceptions.SessionNotCreatedException: Message: session not created: This version of ChromeDriver only supports Chrome version 92
  Current browser version is 94.0.4606.71 with binary path C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe

• 下面就解决这个痛点，实现自动下载和本地谷歌浏览器匹配的chromedriver_win32

---

selenium基本代码，抛出问题

① 我们新建一个selenium_test.py,下面代码是打开百度页面的基本selenium代码，

from selenium import webdriver
import time

class MySelenium(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.basic_url = "https://www.百度.com/"
        self.executable_path = r"./chromedriver_win32/chromedriver.exe"
    @property
    def start_driver(self):
        self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=self.executable_path)
        self.browser.maximize_window()
    def request_url(self, url):
        """
        :param url:
        """
        self.browser.get(url)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_time = time.time()
    ms = MySelenium()
    ms.start_driver
    ms.request_url(ms.basic_url)
    #ms.close()
    test_time = time.strftime("%H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(time.time() - start_time))
    print(test_time)

② 因为这个代码是我在很早之前写的，当时本地的谷歌浏览器版本还是92，现在已经升级到94了，于是就报了下面的错误，就是版本不匹配

selenium.common.exceptions.SessionNotCreatedException: Message: session not created: This version of ChromeDriver only supports Chrome version 92
Current browser version is 94.0.4606.71 with binary path C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe

---

实现自动下载匹配的chromedriver ,解决问题

问题1，怎么获取本地谷歌浏览器的版本？

①，一般获取本地应用的版本信息，用的都是win32com库的接口,新建文件 download_driver.py具体代码如下

• 请先知道谷歌浏览器在本地的安装位置，代码中列出来一般情况，特殊安装位置要加进列表local_chrome_paths

from win32com.client import Dispatch
class auto_download_chromedrive(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.local_chrome_paths = [r"C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe",
                                   r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"]
    def get_version_via_com(self, filename):
        parser = Dispatch("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
        try:
            version = parser.GetFileVersion(filename)
        except Exception:
            return None
        return version
    def start(self):
        version = list(filter(None, [self.get_version_via_com(p) for p in self.local_chrome_paths]))[0]
        if not version:
            print("check chrome browser version failed!")
            return None
        print("chrome browser version:", version)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    chrome = auto_download_chromedrive()
    chrome.start()

②，输出结果可以得到本地浏览器的版本是94版本的。

---

问题2，怎么知道本地的 chromedriver_win32版本不匹配？

①，我们再看下chrome不匹配的报错，具体的报错位SessionNotCreatedException我们修改下selenium的脚本，加上
try except捕捉这个错误

• 更改下 selenium_test.py文件的脚本， 导入SessionNotCreatedException 用try,捕捉到这个报错 return 0

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import SessionNotCreatedException    #导入SessionNotCreatedException    
import time

class MySelenium(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.basic_url = "https://www.百度.com/"
        self.executable_path = r"./chromedriver_win32/chromedriver.exe"

    @property
    def start_driver(self):
        try:
            self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=self.executable_path)
            self.browser.maximize_window()
        except SessionNotCreatedException:
            print("Chrome version unmatch. ")
            return 0
        return 1

---

问题3，怎么下载最新的chromedriver.exe？

①，首先肯定不能用selenium了，这里我选择了requests 和 lxml 库完成下载任务

如下图 chromedriver.exe 下载地址 和页面结构

②，更新download_driver.py，添加一个函数 get_chromedriver_urls，用来解析页面

from win32com.client import Dispatch
import requests
from lxml import etree
class auto_download_chromedrive(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.chromedrive_url = "https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads"
        self.local_chrome_paths = [r"C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe",
                                   r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"]

        self.headers = {'content-type': 'application/json',
                        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:22.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/22.0'}
    def get_version_via_com(self, filename):
        parser = Dispatch("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
        try:
            version = parser.GetFileVersion(filename)
        except Exception:
            return None
        return version
    def get_chromedriver_urls(self):
        try:
            r = requests.Session()
            response = r.get(self.chromedrive_url, headers=self.headers)
            print(response.status_code, response.encoding)
            html = etree.HTML(response.text, etree.HTMLParser())  # 解析HTML文本内容
            version_href = html.xpath(".//strong//..//@href")
            return version_href
        except Exception:
            return None

    def start(self):
        '''读取本地chrome version'''
        version = list(filter(None, [self.get_version_via_com(p) for p in self.local_chrome_paths]))[0]
        if not version:
            print("check chrome browser version failed!")
            return None
        print("chrome browser version:", version)
        '''下载网页端与本地匹配的chromedriver.exe'''
        version_href = self.get_chromedriver_urls()
        if not version_href:
            print("request %s failed!"%self.chromedrive_url)
            return None
        print("all chrome browser versions can be choosed:\n{}".format(version_href))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    chrome = auto_download_chromedrive()
    chrome.start()

---

③，输出结果如下图，得到所有的chromedriver的下载地址

休息下1分钟。。。

④，更新download_driver.py，目的是在所有的版本中找到本地浏览器匹配的版本，并下载下来

• 新加函数 find_local_version，在所有的版本中找到本地浏览器匹配的版本
• 然后删减和拼接下url,组成新的url,直指 chromedriver_win32.zip
• 新加函数 download_chromadrive，根据上面的url,下载指定版本

from win32com.client import Dispatch
import re
import requests
from lxml import etree
class auto_download_chromedrive(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.chromedrive_url = "https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads"
        self.local_chrome_paths = [r"C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe",
                                   r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"]

        self.headers = {'content-type': 'application/json',
                        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:22.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/22.0'}
    def get_version_via_com(self, filename):
        parser = Dispatch("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
        try:
            version = parser.GetFileVersion(filename)
        except Exception:
            return None
        return version
    def get_chromedriver_urls(self):
        try:
            r = requests.Session()
            response = r.get(self.chromedrive_url, headers=self.headers)
            print(response.status_code, response.encoding)
            html = etree.HTML(response.text, etree.HTMLParser())  # 解析HTML文本内容
            version_href = html.xpath(".//strong//..//@href")
            print("all chrome browser versions can be choosed:")
            for href in version_href:
                print(href)

            return version_href
        except Exception:
            return None
    def download_chromadrive(self, url):
        try:
            r = requests.Session()
            response = r.get(url, headers=self.headers)
            if response.status_code == 200:
                with open("chromedriver_win32.zip", "wb") as f:
                    f.write(response.content)
                    print("下载完成")
                    return 1
            else:
                print('Url请求返回错误，错误码为： %d' % response.status_code)
                return None
        except Exception:
            print("request download chromedriver_win32.zip failed!")
            return None
    def find_local_version(self, loc_ver, all_ver):
        """
        :param loc_ver: 本地浏览器的版本
        :param all_ver: 下载的所有版本浏览器版本
        :return: 找到匹配的，return url,否则return None
        """
        for href in all_ver:
            try:
                res = re.search(r"path=(.*?)/", href)
                find_ver = res.group(1).split(".")[0] #截取大版本
                if loc_ver == find_ver:
                    return href
            except Exception:
                continue

        print("not find match chrome browser{} version!".format(loc_ver))
        return None

    def start(self):
        '''读取本地chrome version'''
        version = list(filter(None, [self.get_version_via_com(p) for p in self.local_chrome_paths]))[0]
        if not version:
            print("check chrome browser version failed!")
            return None
        print("chrome browser version:", version)
        '''下载网页端与本地匹配的chromedriver.exe'''
        version_href = self.get_chromedriver_urls()
        if not version_href:
            print("request %s failed!"%self.chromedrive_url)
            return None
		'''找到'''
        find_url = self.find_local_version(version.split(".")[0], version_href)
        print("找到匹配的版本:\n%s"%find_url)
        if not find_url:
            return None
        version_num = re.search(r"path=(.*?)/", find_url).group(1)
        find_url_2 = find_url.rsplit('/', 2)[0]
        new_url = "{}/{}/chromedriver_win32.zip".format(find_url_2, version_num)
        print("downloading......\n%s"%new_url)
        ret = self.download_chromadrive(new_url)
        if not ret:
            return None

if __name__ == "__main__":
    chrome = auto_download_chromedrive()
    chrome.start()

⑤，输出结果如下图

问题4，下载的怎么解压并换掉旧版`？

①，直接删除是肯定不行的，因为，当你使用过selenium之后，必须要在进程找那个杀掉chromedriver.exe才可以替换掉旧版本的。

• 定义一个新函数 kill_process，如果进程中存在chromedriver.exe就杀掉

    def kill_process(self, process_name):
        print("检测{}进程是否存在，存在则杀掉。".format(process_name))
        pl = psutil.pids()
        for pid in pl:
            if psutil.Process(pid).name() == process_name:
                print('{} 存在进程中,杀掉'.format(process_name))
                os.popen('taskkill /f /im %s' %process_name)
                return pid
        print('{} 不存在进程中。'.format(process_name))
        return None

• 下面一段代码是清除chromedriver_win32文件夹内文件的只读属性（因为我的代码从托管平台同步后就只读了）

        old_driver_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "chromedriver_win32")
        if os.path.exists(old_driver_path):
            for sub_file in os.listdir(old_driver_path):
                os.chmod(os.path.join(old_driver_path, sub_file), stat.S_IRWXU)
        time.sleep(1) #这个delay必须要有，os操作还是需要时间的

• 下面一段代码解压新版本的chromedriver，替换掉旧版本

        print('''解压 chromedriver_win32.zip,覆盖旧版本''')
        zFile = zipfile.ZipFile(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "chromedriver_win32.zip"), "r")
        for fileM in zFile.namelist():
            zFile.extract(fileM, old_driver_path)
        zFile.close()

• download_driver.py 完整代码如下：

from win32com.client import Dispatch
import re
import stat,zipfile,os,psutil
import requests
from lxml import etree
import time

class auto_download_chromedrive(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.chromedrive_url = "https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads"
        self.local_chrome_paths = [r"C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe",
                                   r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"]

        self.headers = {'content-type': 'application/json',
                        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:22.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/22.0'}
    def get_version_via_com(self, filename):
        parser = Dispatch("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
        try:
            version = parser.GetFileVersion(filename)
        except Exception:
            return None
        return version
    def get_chromedriver_urls(self):
        try:
            r = requests.Session()
            response = r.get(self.chromedrive_url, headers=self.headers)
            print(response.status_code, response.encoding)
            html = etree.HTML(response.text, etree.HTMLParser())  # 解析HTML文本内容
            version_href = html.xpath(".//strong//..//@href")
            print("all chrome browser versions can be choosed:")
            for href in version_href:
                print(href)

            return version_href
        except Exception:
            return None
    def download_chromadrive(self, url):
        try:
            r = requests.Session()
            response = r.get(url, headers=self.headers)
            if response.status_code == 200:
                with open("chromedriver_win32.zip", "wb") as f:
                    f.write(response.content)
                    print("下载完成")
                    return 1
            else:
                print('Url请求返回错误，错误码为： %d' % response.status_code)
                return None
        except Exception:
            print("request download chromedriver_win32.zip failed!")
            return None
    def find_local_version(self, loc_ver, all_ver):
        """
        :param loc_ver: 本地浏览器的版本
        :param all_ver: 下载的所有版本浏览器版本
        :return: 找到匹配的，return url,否则return None
        """
        for href in all_ver:
            try:
                res = re.search(r"path=(.*?)/", href)
                find_ver = res.group(1).split(".")[0] #截取大版本
                if loc_ver == find_ver:
                    return href
            except Exception:
                continue

        print("not find match chrome browser{} version!".format(loc_ver))
        return None
    def kill_process(self, process_name):
        print("检测{}进程是否存在，存在则杀掉。".format(process_name))
        pl = psutil.pids()
        for pid in pl:
            if psutil.Process(pid).name() == process_name:
                print('{} 存在进程中,杀掉'.format(process_name))
                os.popen('taskkill /f /im %s' %process_name)
                return pid
        print('{} 不存在进程中。'.format(process_name))
        return None

    def unzip(self):
        self.kill_process("chromedriver.exe")
        print("去除旧版本chromedriver_win32文件夹内文件的只读属性(如果是只读)")
        old_driver_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "chromedriver_win32")
        if os.path.exists(old_driver_path):
            for sub_file in os.listdir(old_driver_path):
                os.chmod(os.path.join(old_driver_path, sub_file), stat.S_IRWXU)
        time.sleep(1) #这个delay必须要有，os操作还是需要时间的
        print('''解压 chromedriver_win32.zip,覆盖旧版本''')
        zFile = zipfile.ZipFile(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "chromedriver_win32.zip"), "r")
        for fileM in zFile.namelist():
            zFile.extract(fileM, old_driver_path)
        zFile.close()

    def start(self):
        '''读取本地chrome version'''
        version = list(filter(None, [self.get_version_via_com(p) for p in self.local_chrome_paths]))[0]
        if not version:
            print("check chrome browser version failed!")
            return None
        print("chrome browser version:", version)
        '''下载网页端与本地匹配的chromedriver.exe'''
        version_href = self.get_chromedriver_urls()
        if not version_href:
            print("request %s failed!"%self.chromedrive_url)
            return None

        find_url = self.find_local_version(version.split(".")[0], version_href)
        print("找到匹配的版本:\n%s"%find_url)
        if not find_url:
            return None
        version_num = re.search(r"path=(.*?)/", find_url).group(1)
        find_url_2 = find_url.rsplit('/', 2)[0]
        new_url = "{}/{}/chromedriver_win32.zip".format(find_url_2, version_num)
        print("downloading......\n%s"%new_url)
        ret = self.download_chromadrive(new_url)
        if not ret:
            return None
        self.unzip()
if __name__ == "__main__":
    chrome = auto_download_chromedrive()
    chrome.start()

真舒服。。。

完善selenium主代码

我们只需要在selenium_test.py中引用download_driver.py中的auto_download_chromedrive类即可
源码我放在git上，如需自取

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import SessionNotCreatedException    #导入NoSuchElementException
import time
from download_driver import auto_download_chromedrive

class MySelenium(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.basic_url = "https://www.百度.com/"
        self.executable_path = r"./chromedriver_win32/chromedriver.exe"

    @property
    def start_driver(self):
        try:
            self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=self.executable_path)
            self.browser.maximize_window()
        except SessionNotCreatedException:
            print("Chrome version unmatch. ")
            return None
        return 1

    def request_url(self, url):
        self.browser.get(url)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_time = time.time()
    ms = MySelenium()
    if not ms.start_driver:
        chrome = auto_download_chromedrive()
        chrome.start()
        ms.start_driver
        ms.request_url(ms.basic_url)
        #ms.close()
    test_time = time.strftime("%H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(time.time() - start_time))
    print(test_time)

源码我放在git上，如需自取

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