谈谈怎么Apache Avro数据展示

场景介绍

• 如何序列化生成Avro数据

• 如何反序列化解析Avro数据

• 如何使用FlinkSQL解析Avro数据

前提条件

• 了解avro是什么，可参考apache avro官网快速入门指南

• 了解avro应用场景

操作步骤

1、新建avro maven工程项目，配置pom依赖

pom文件内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.huawei.bigdata</groupId>
    <artifactId>avrodemo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
            <artifactId>avro</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
                <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.8.1</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>generate-sources</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>schema</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <sourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/avro/</sourceDirectory>
                            <outputDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/java/</outputDirectory>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.6</source>
                    <target>1.6</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

注意：以上pom文件配置了自动生成类的路径，即project.basedir/src/main/avro/和{project.basedir}/src/main/avro/和project.basedir/src/main/avro/和{project.basedir}/src/main/java/，这样配置之后，在执行mvn命令的时候，这个插件就会自动将此目录下的avsc schema生成类文件，并放到后者这个目录下。如果没有生成avro目录，手动创建一下即可。

2、定义schema

使用JSON为Avro定义schema。schema由基本类型（null,boolean, int, long, float, double, bytes 和string）和复杂类型（record, enum, array, map, union, 和fixed）组成。例如，以下定义一个user的schema，在main目录下创建一个avro目录，然后在avro目录下新建文件 user.avsc :

{"namespace": "lancoo.ecbdc.pre",
 "type": "record",
 "name": "User",
 "fields": [
     {"name": "name", "type": "string"},
     {"name": "favorite_number",  "type": ["int", "null"]},
     {"name": "favorite_color", "type": ["string", "null"]}
 ]
}

3、编译schema

点击maven projects项目的compile进行编译，会自动在创建namespace路径和User类代码

4、序列化

创建TestUser类，用于序列化生成数据

User user1 = new User();
user1.setName("Alyssa");
user1.setFavoriteNumber(256);
// Leave favorite col or null

// Alternate constructor
User user2 = new User("Ben", 7, "red");

// Construct via builder
User user3 = User.newBuilder()
        .setName("Charlie")
        .setFavoriteColor("blue")
        .setFavoriteNumber(null)
        .build();

// Serialize user1, user2 and user3 to disk
DatumWriter<User> userDatumWriter = new SpecificDatumWriter<User>(User.class);
DataFileWriter<User> dataFileWriter = new DataFileWriter<User>(userDatumWriter);
dataFileWriter.create(user1.getSchema(), new File("user_generic.avro"));
dataFileWriter.append(user1);
dataFileWriter.append(user2);
dataFileWriter.append(user3);
dataFileWriter.close();

执行序列化程序后，会在项目的同级目录下生成avro数据

user_generic.avro内容如下：

Objavro.schema�{"type":"record","name":"User","namespace":"lancoo.ecbdc.pre","fields":[{"name":"name","type":"string"},{"name":"favorite_number","type":["int","null"]},{"name":"favorite_color","type":["string","null"]}]}

至此avro数据已经生成。

5、反序列化

通过反序列化代码解析avro数据

// Deserialize Users from disk
DatumReader<User> userDatumReader = new SpecificDatumReader<User>(User.class);
DataFileReader<User> dataFileReader = new DataFileReader<User>(new File("user_generic.avro"), userDatumReader);
User user = null;
while (dataFileReader.hasNext()) {
    // Reuse user object by passing it to next(). This saves us from
    // allocating and garbage collecting many objects for files with
    // many items.
    user = dataFileReader.next(user);
    System.out.println(user);
}

执行反序列化代码解析user_generic.avro

avro数据解析成功。

6、将user_generic.avro上传至hdfs路径

hdfs dfs -mkdir -p /tmp/lztest/

hdfs dfs -put user_generic.avro /tmp/lztest/

7、配置flinkserver

• 准备avro jar包

将flink-sql-avro-*.jar、flink-sql-avro-confluent-registry-*.jar放入flinkserver lib，将下面的命令在所有flinkserver节点执行

cp /opt/huawei/Bigdata/FusionInsight_Flink_8.1.2/install/FusionInsight-Flink-1.12.2/flink/opt/flink-sql-avro*.jar /opt/huawei/Bigdata/FusionInsight_Flink_8.1.3/install/FusionInsight-Flink-1.12.2/flink/lib

chmod 500 flink-sql-avro*.jar

chown omm:wheel flink-sql-avro*.jar

• 同时重启FlinkServer实例，重启完成后查看avro包是否被上传

  hdfs dfs -ls /FusionInsight_FlinkServer/8.1.2-312005/lib

8、编写FlinkSQL

CREATE TABLE testHdfs(
  name String,
  favorite_number int,
  favorite_color String
) WITH(
  'connector' = 'filesystem',
  'path' = 'hdfs:///tmp/lztest/user_generic.avro',
  'format' = 'avro'
);CREATE TABLE KafkaTable (
  name String,
  favorite_number int,
  favorite_color String
) WITH (
  'connector' = 'kafka',
  'topic' = 'testavro',
  'properties.bootstrap.servers' = '96.10.2.1:21005',
  'properties.group.id' = 'testGroup',
  'scan.startup.mode' = 'latest-offset',
  'format' = 'avro'
);
insert into
  KafkaTable
select
  *
from
  testHdfs;

保存提交任务

9、查看对应topic中是否有数据

FlinkSQL解析avro数据成功。

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